The Foundations Of Racial Capitalism, Imperialism And...

The foundations of racial capitalism, imperialism and colonialism have significantly shaped the existence of African people, and those of the diaspora. As a result of these institutions, the history and implementation of slavery and colonialism have had lasting effects that are essential to the current position of Black folk in Africa and the diaspora; altering the way we view ourselves, our country and the world. Throughout different moments in history, Black folk have equated freedom and liberation with equality, justice, and the right to live as you wish. By looking at the Reconstruction period, colonialism in the continent of Africa and the Black Internationalist movement, I intend to demonstrate the progression of the ideals that begin as freedom, but evolve into new ideals of liberation. Showing that liberation is both a process and a destination for Black folk of the diaspora. During the period of slavery in the United States, Black folks perceived the emancipation as the resolution to freedom and equality bringing about the rights to literacy, political power and the right to own property. Once administered, it failed to offer all of the privileges that come with being free. Following emancipation, the Reconstruction period intended to rebuild the government anew and improve civilization. Slavery had been abolished, but the lives of the newly freed slave were not free from rule or intervention by White folks. With Reconstruction came a host of new problems forShow MoreRelatedGandhis Critique of Colonialism and His Definition of Swaraj1279 Words   |  5 PagesRe: What is Gandhis critique of colonialism and how does he define Swaraj? Use the class readings. Western colonialism was a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. (Encyclopedia Britannica). Gandhis critique of British colonialism was grounded in a rejection of cultural and racial supremacy; capitalism or socioeconomic inequality; and materialism. Gandhi employed the concepts of Swaraj and satyagrahaRead MoreImperialism in India6601 Words   |  27 Pagesof imperialism are both positive and negative. The positive effects are banning inhumane traditional practices such as sati and the dowry system, promoting widow remarriage and prohibiting child marriage. The negative effects are that Britain caused the traditional industries to crash. Also, poverty increased. British officials were paid out of the India treasury. Imperialism drained Indias wealth. It destroyed India economically and politically. India became dependent due to imperialism. ItRead MoreModern Environmental Degradation And Exploitation3639 Words   |  15 Pagesforefront, protesting the harmful practices that, in the name of profit, degrade the natural splendor and resources of our planet. Since every transformative process bears the scars of revolution, Marx argues that, in emerging from the shackles of capitalism, socialism or the â€Å"first phase† of communism will bear the birthmarks of the previous order. Thus, each worker will be given credit for his contribution. When these changes transform the society and socialism extends throughout the world, humanityRead MoreBook Review Whatever Happened to the Real America?2663 Words   |  11 Pagesleadership is one reason, religion more notably Christianity which turned there citizens attention to the afterlife, and also through imperialism its military was simply too big for it to keep going. The last society we will discuss is European who contributed banking and credit facilities, factory systems, specialized labor as well as the start of modern capitalism. This society fell from both internal and external factors. Dr. Gosine tells us what he means by internal and external factors. ByRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 PagesChapter 4 Colonialism and the African Experience Virtually everything that has gone wrong in Africa since the advent of independence has been blamed on the legacies of colonialism. Is that fair? Virtually all colonial powers had â€Å"colonial missions.† What were these missions and why were they apparently such a disaster? Did any good come out of the African â€Å"colonial experience†? Introduction Colonization of Africa by European countries was a monumental milestone in  ­ the developmentRead MoreNon State Actors ( Nsa ) Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as Eritrea’s independence from Ethiopia and reconciliation between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Karl Marx who came up with an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present) and the problems of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism s potential future forms. Individuals can also have a negative impact on the international system, such a scenario is A. Q. Khan where he confessed to selling nuclearRead MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 Pagesto workers soviets. Faced with the threat of German invasion, he argued that Russia should immediately sign a peace treaty—which led to Russia s exit from the First World War. In 1921 Lenin proposed the New Economic Policy, a system of state capitalism that started the process of industrialisation and recovery from the Russian Civil War. In 1922, the Rus sian SFSR joined former territories of the Russian Empire in becoming the Soviet Union, with Lenin elected as its leader. After his death, Marxism–LeninismRead More Garveyism and Rastafarianism Essay3979 Words   |  16 Pagesalthough not members of the Universal Negro Improvement Asscioation (UNIA), they agreed with and defended the principals for which Garvey stood. Essentially, Garveyism provided the ideological premise for the Rastafari movement, and out of this foundation, we see the Rastafari religion evolve. Stemming from many of the ideas that Garvey pursued through the UNIA, but adapting them in different ways, we see the Rasta ideology evolve into a realm it calls its own. It is the spiritual side of the RastafariRead MoreCultural Diversity At The Heart Of The Society5484 Words   |  22 Pagestraditions all living and interacting together harmoniously. Most developed countries of the world (like the U.S., Britain, etc.) have benefited immensely from diversity throughout its their long history histories of exploration, capitalism, democracy, imperialism and colonialism and as a result are extraordinarily diverse. are currently one of the most culturally diverse countries of our time ! However, many countries of the world are yet to value and appreciate cultural diversity as a means of promotingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslight cigarettes sold by the British American Tobacco Company and lamps filled with Standard Oil kerosene so that they could see more clearly while using their Singer sewing machines. The Indian countryside was also decisively transformed by colonialism and integration into global markets—albeit with policies that at times made Indians less mobile rather than more so. But the 30 †¢ CHAPTER 1 holistic relations of migration, goods, and money that characterized the Atlantic system were

The Wagner Act Essays - 2065 Words

In 1934, the Wagner Act was first introduced, also called the National Labor Relations Act (NLRB), it promised to ensure a wise distribution of wealth between management and labor, to maintain a full flow of purchasing power, and to prevent recurrent depressions. (Babson, p. 85) During the mid-1930s organized labor and the United States Government struck a deal. It was the time of Franklin D. Roosevelt. A volatile time, the country was attempting to recover from a depression, unemployment was at an all-time high and organized labor was struggling for its own existence. Vast numbers of the unemployed are right on the edge, observed Lorent Hickock, a Pennsylvania reporter hired by the federal government to report on social†¦show more content†¦With no relief in sight, society had nothing to lose and everything to gain by fighting back. Workers saw that businesses and businessmen continued to get rich and mover further ahead in life, while the working class began to fall further down the economic ladder with little or no hope of advancement within society. The solidarity amongst the unemployed is a key factor which cannot be ignored by historians and scholars, and that impetus could have propelled labor forward. For the first time, America had seen mass demonstrations across the country centering on a central issue, unemployment. Unemployment councils were prevalent within many of the major metropolitan centers across the country, and they became the proponent for the wize of the American worker. Numerous rallies and demonstrations were staged by those councils, and when it came to the issue of unemployment there were no perceived boundaries amongst citizens based on ethnicity, race or religion. The barriers which had stymied the growth of the labor movement had temporarily disappeared. However, as powerful as these councils could have been, there was no co-ordination amongst the various centers in relation to the public protest. Communities and individuals were becoming mobilized and they too began to learn the importance of being organized and working together collectively and disregarding any self imposed barriers along the linesShow MoreRelatedThe Wagner Act1568 Words   |  7 PagesNational Labor Relations Act, otherwise called the Wagner Act, and most are still active today in about twenty-two states today. The rights associated with these laws displayed the differences of the ideology amongst business and representative. They ensure the individual laborer s opportunity to decline to join or to help bolster a union, including one picked by the employee to represent as their bartering agent. Consequently, from the point of view invigorating the Wagner Act, they were meant to createRead More The Wagner Act Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesSince the enactment of the Wagner Act, there has been a dramatic change in the way employment is handled between managers and employees. Employees have been given more of a chance t o decide what they want at work, and are able to negotiate with their employers. They have the opportunity to discuss wage, hours, over time, etc. Previously, employees had little to no say in decisions that were made regarding their employment and basically had to be â€Å"yes men† for the employers. It prevented employersRead MoreRichard Wagner - Twilight Of The Gods1365 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Wagner - Twilight of the Gods (Gotterdammerung) http://www.biography.com/people/richard-wagner-9521202 †¢ Wagner birth name is Wilhelm Richard Wagner, he was one of the most influential and controversial composers; born May 22, 1813 in Leipzig, Germany and died of a heart attack on February 13, 1883 in Venice, Italy. He is known for writing serveral complex operas, At the age of 21, he wrote his first opera â€Å"The Fairies†. It is sid that his music was played at a concentration campRead MoreCollective Bargaining And Bargaining Agreements1704 Words   |  7 PagesNational Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, and the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure act of 1959. The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, gave workers the right to form unions and bargain collectively. The Wagner Act was enforced by President Roosevelt shortly after the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was ruled to be unconstitutional. In an attempt to correct the misbalanced power the Wagner Bill proposed to createRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom corporate misconduct and fraud, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an accounting and business related law that was put into place to help boost confidence in financial accounting and financial markets (US Sarbanes Oxley Act). Some of its key provisions are that it requires the CEO and CFO to personally sign off on all financial statements, increases penalties for those who violate the act, and it protects whistleblowers (SOX 2002). Clearly, Sarbanes-Oxley canRead MoreRichard Wagner and Opera Essay821 Words   |  4 Pag esRichard Wagner and Opera One of the key figures in the history of opera, Wagner was largely responsible for altering its orientation in the nineteenth century. His program of artistic reform accelerated the trend towards organically conceived, through-composed structures, as well as influencing the development of the orchestra, of a new breed of singer, and of various aspects of theatrical practice. As the most influential composer during the second half of the nineteenth century,Read MoreTaft Hartley Act And The Civil War855 Words   |  4 PagesTaft-Hartley Act The Taft-Hartley Act (also known more properly as the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947) as issued to amend the Wagner Act of 1935 and discontinued parts of the Federal Anti-Injunction Act of 1932. This law helped to reinforce flaws that were in the Wagner Act. Where the Wagner Act had only spoken of the right to participate in union activities, the Taft-Hartley Act helped to fill in the gaps by allowing for the right to refrain from union activities. The Taft-Hartley Act was createdRead MoreSexual Offenders Is The Most Vilified Type Of Offenders Within Public Opinion And The Criminal Justice System1672 Words   |  7 Pagesof convicted sex offenders after release, community notification laws in place, and public access to the registry (Burchfield and Mingus, 2012; Lees and Tewksbury, 2006; Petrunik, Murphy, and Fedoroff, 2008; Scholle, 2000; Tewksbury and Lees, 2006; Wagner, 2011). Sex offender registry laws were intended to increase public safety and to reduce the reoffending rates of sexual offenders. However, this paper will argue that registration has no effect on recidivism rates and that the law actually negativelyRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act : Unexpected Benefits Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Unexpected Benefits For just a brief moment, imagine yourself sometime in the future. You have been recently married, you just started a brand new job, and are looking to start a family. As a way to plan for financial security, you have done some research into financial investments. You are hoping to build a portfolio, which will be a mix of low, median, and high-risk stock. Flash forward into the future by 20 years. During this time, the stock prices have appreciated andRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression1293 Words   |  6 Pages1945 in which was the end of World War II. The specific examples that relate to the changes in 1920 to 1945 are the dollar diplomacy in Haiti and Nicaragua, the first and second New deal established by president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and the Wagner Act as well as the war production in the United States during World War II. There are many examples that relates to the changes in the United States in the 1920s until 1945 that relate to the economic liberties. Two of the examples that is being

Bp Oil Spill free essay sample

BP oil spill is ranked as the largest environmental disaster in the world history. As the oil from BP spill washes ashore, people on Gulf Coast are suffering huge damages they have never met before. The U. S. government estimates that up to 60,000 barrels of oil a day are spewing out from the damaged BP drilling rig to Gulf of Mexico. It has ruined the shoreline, killed animal and sea life, threaten the ecosystem and harmed the tourism and fishing in Louisiana. After the spilling happened, US government and BP has been struggling for plugging the hole deep under the water which is known s Top-kill, but failed. Right after the leak happened, the Obama administration has claimed that BP alone has to take the whole responsibility of the oil spill. However, as the oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico continues to grow day by day, some people are starting to ask if President Obama will be blamed for the damage that will result on the shoreline of the Gulf coast? He failed to protect US waters and people who depend on them. Also, his administration had failed to adequately reform the Minerals Management Service, the scandal-ridden federal agency that for years had ssentially allowed the oil industry to do what it planed under self-regulation. There have been people who said that the Obama Administration did not react fast enough and slack in fixing the crisis. BP definitely bears the responsibility of the deep water disaster, but is it the only entity involved in the largest offshore oil spill in US history? In this paper, I shall argue that it is not Just BP that bears responsibility for spill, Obama administration is responsible too. BP: Surely they have to pay all of the damages suffered around Gulf Coast since they have violated the morality in many ays. Firstly, the deepwater disaster is partly due to the companys own shortage in engineering testing. According to due care theory, manufactures responsibility would extend to three areas including design, production and information. The key problem caused leaking is that BP has not exercised enough due care on production area. The production manager should control the manufacturing processes so as to eliminate any defective items, identify any weakness that become apparent during production. (Manuel 2006). BP failed to follow safety regulations as a matter of fact. Right after the spill happened, BPS diplomat has claimed that there was no one to blame, even the people who worked in the pipe line, their Jobs were normally done. If you look for mistakes, you will find some. It was Just a freak accident that was not expected from the situation. However, as the investigation went further, more and more evidence has been shown that it was not an accident but negligence. They didnt do proper testing, for example, BP halted tests on the well lining five days before the explosion and kept oilfield testing firm Schlumberger on standby, ccording to NOLA. It had no plans to conduct a cement bond log test, which uses Sonics to identify weaknesses in the cement, known as a gold standard test. Also, Oil rig worker Mike Mason told Huffington Post he observed cheating on blowout preventer tests at least 100 times, including on wells owned by BP. In many cases, Mason says, BP employees were present while subcontractors faked the tests. Obviously, the systems failed and failed badly. BP violated the duty of exercising adequate quality controls over high-tech materials which caused the leaking re against Common sense morality by harming lives around Gulf Coast, for instance, shrimpers and small hotel owner loss their Jobs for surviving; a large number of species live are threatened. According to Kant theory about respect for person , BP did morally wrong since they did not put human beings in the first , instead, what they are looking for is only the profits. BP has a duty to defend the environment they are working with. Referred to Kantian theory, humans have a correlative duty to respect and promote the development of anothers capacity to freely and rationally hoose for him. For BP, when they tried to save the cost on drilling, it destroyed the development of others. What they have done is a violation of peoples negative right because people are forced to ruin their career and their normal life. Referred to The Social Cost View, Manufacturer should pay the costs of all injuries caused by defect in a product even if exercised due care. Thus, BP should pay for all of the damages suffered in Golf area. However, it is argued that offshore oil drilling is inherently dirty and dangerous, and the government must establish a permanent moratorium on it in rder to protect the citizens living around. But government did not do their Job enough. BP should pay for the bill for its recklessness, while Obama government should take some responsibility at the same time. Obama Administration First, According to Bradford (2010), Obamas original decision to pursue drilling made the drill more likely to happen. Back to 2008, Democrats had a serious oil problem, gas price were soaring toward $4 per gallon. Pressure had been put on President Obama to respond. In August, he announced he would support new ffshore exploration as part of a broader mix of climate and cleaning energy policy. He nominated Ken Salazar to take in charge of this program. And in March of this year, the administration announced a plan to expand offshore oil production. It was intended to get away from the rising gas price this summer and avoid repeat insanity in 2008 summer. Soon after, BP oil spill exploded and millions of gallons of crude started spewing out of Gulf of Mexico. Secondly, Obama administration failed to crack down on the corruption of Bush years-and let the worlds most dangerous oil ompany get away with murder. Referred to Bradford (2010), the scandal at Minerals Management Service (MMS) is lurid, for example, Employees in the Royalty-collecting wing has been taking thousands of dollars worth of gifts from the oil company they are supposed to oversee. As a result, company has been getting offshore -drilling permits with little scrutiny. For instance, in April of last year, less than a month after BP submitted its application, MMS gave the oil giant the drilling permitting in the Gulf without a comprehensive environmental review. The one-page approval put no estrictions on BP, issuing only a mild suggestion that would prove prescient: Exercise caution while drilling due to indications of shallow gas. Government should not get away from being negligence. Based on Kantian theory, human being should be treated as ends and never used merely as means. It means that each individual has a moral right to be treated as a free person equal to any other person. MMS scandal violates this principle. BP, for example, they will more easily get drilling value gift. If it spread, it will definitely slow down US economy. What we have seen so ar is the huge disaster from oil spilling. Whats more, Dickson (2010) stated that the administration failed to ensure that BP was well prepared in case some unexpected accident happened. On the surface, a lack of ships and equipment has left more than 100 miles of the coast-including vast stretches of fragile marshlands † covered in crude. Obama has been putting so much trust on oil giants; he said l was wrong in my belief that the oil companies had their act together when it came to worst-case scenarios. (Dickson 2010) Thus, his administration should bear the responsibility due o regulation failure. In addition, someone has argued that BP and other oil companies use tier wealth and power to influence government and their policies regarding alternate food, so the blame should be put on BP. I shall argue that the influence and misleading happened is because the government is lack of oil knowledge and experience. In conclusion, it is not fair to let BP alone take the responsibility. In the todays world, government becomes stronger; they are involved in everything that crucial to the society. As the power gets bigger, their responsibility has expanded at he same time.

Ibsen and Strindberg †Hedda Gabler and Miss Julie Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Ibsen and Strindberg – Hedda Gabler and Miss Julie Argumentative Essay Compare and contrast the characters of Hedda Gabler and Miss Julie in the plays by Ibsen and Strindberg. Support your findings with comments on the writers attitudes to their characters. August Strindberg and Henrik Ibsen were both great playwrights of the 19th century, and both played a large role in the evolution of modern day naturalism/ realism. The plays I will be discussing are Ibsens Hedda Gabler, (1890) and Strindbergs Miss Julie (1888). In Karens lecture on Strindberg, she told how the two playwrights were rivals in a sense, mainly caused by Strindbergs attitudes on social issues- Namely his thoughts and theory on the role of women in society. Thus, I am lead to believe that Hedda Gabler was written by Ibsen as a direct retaliation to Strindbergs Miss Julie, just as Karen believes that Strindbergs The Father was written as a reply to Ibsens Ghosts. Although both plays end with the suicide of the leading character, the circumstances by which they occur are very different. In order to take these plays in their full context, it is important to examine the lives of the playwrights and see just how much of their own thoughts, beliefs and feelings are reflected in their plays. I feel this is particularly important in the case of Strindberg. I was intrigued by Karens lecture on Strindberg, in particular the rise of his misogynist attitudes and his state of mental health. His attitudes are reflected in Miss Julie quite clearly. Strindberg believed that Women were a secondary form, which can be seen through reading his preface to the play. The translation of the play I examined was from the Drama Classics (D.C) Series. I found a very interesting piece of writing in this version of the play; In an editors note, it is explained that the translation was based on the original text, and contained some rants which were not included in most published versions. The most interesting of these was a part in the preface which was not in the other versions, it reads as follows;Theres a view, current at the moment even among quite sensible people, that women, that secondary form humanity (second to men, the lords and shapers of human civilisation) should in some way become equal with men, or could so be; this is leading to a struggle which is both bizarre and doomed. Its bizarre because a secondary form, by the laws of science, is always going to be a secondary form . .the proposition is as impossible as that two parallel lines should ever meet.I find these comments quite astounding, and there are no shortage of similar comments in his preface. Karen explained how Strindberg also believed that when a woman was menstruating, it meant she was in an altered state of mind. In his preface, Strindberg gives this as one of the possible reasons behind Julies suicide. An understanding of these attitudes is vital to fully understand Miss Julie and make the connection between Julie and Hedda. As I touched on earlier, Strindberg developed a hate towards Ibsen, as he saw him as a promoter of feminism. Karen spoke of Ibsens Ghosts, in which a woman spoke out against a dead man. Strindberg did not like this, as the male had no chance to defend himself. As a result, he wrote The Father. In this play, Strindberg makes all the female characters out to be dislikeable and narky. It is this which leads me to believe that Hedda Gabler was written by Ibsen as a reply to Miss Julie. I will attempt to display my reasoning behind this theory, analysing the title characters from both plays and demonstrating the writers attitudes being displayed throughout the play. To me, Miss Julie seems to be a true Battle of the sexes play, in which the male inevitably wins. Throughout the play, a power game is being played by Jean and Julie. The character of Julie is what Strindberg would describe as a half-woman- that is, she does not know her place in society and tries to dominate a male. Strindbergs preface touches on this issue;Modern feminists thrust themselves forward, selling themselves for power, honours, distinctions and diplomas as women once did for money.She is socially superior to Jean in that she is from an aristocratic family and Jean is her fathers servant. She tries to assert herself over Jean from the very start of the play when she demands that Jean dances with her. She even claims herself to be Fireproof (D. Drug Addiction In The Work Place Essay The daughter of a General, Hedda is a natural leader and does not easily fit the mould of a housewife. She emphasises this by constantly denying her pregnancy whenever Jorgen mentions it (that is, mentions it indirectly, eg. saying how she is rounded). She longs for control over everyone she comes in contact with. It seems to me the only reason she married Tesman was because she would have financial security as Tesman had an impending professorship, whilst at the same time still have the ability to dominate a dull academic. She gets power by manipulating her husband, and at one point even tells Mrs Elvsted; I want the power to shape a mans destiny. This is clearly the opposite to Strindbergs Miss Julie, where Julie had the desire to be dominated by a man. Hedda becomes jealous of Mrs Elvsteds relationship with Tasmans rival Lovborg, which is intellectual and creates a child in the form of a manuscript. I find it interesting how she gains power over Lovborg when he comes to visit. Lovborg recalls the past; Did you feel love for me? A flicker a sparkfor me? (D. Cp.57), but this flirting does not have an effect on Hedda, even if she would like to respond, she spurns his advances, thus giving her superiority over Lovborg, much as she does with Judge Brack, her confidant. He tells how Hedda has always had power;And Hedda, the things I told you! Things about myself. No one else knew, then. My drinkingdays and nights on end. I sat there and told you. Days and nights. Oh Hedda, what gave you such power? To make me tell you.. .things like that? (D.C p.58)It is Heddas jealousy for Lovborg and Mrs Elvsteds creative relationship which causes her to become destructive and destroy the manuscript, rather than see it back into Lovborgs hands, with the ever powerless Jorgen believing she did it for his sake. As she is burning the manuscript she displays her resentment towards the relationship;Look, Thea. Im burning your baby, Thea. Little Curly hair! Your baby.. .yours and his. The baby. Burning the baby. (D.C p.88)I struggled to fully understand why she urged Lovborg to kill himself, but in this context I can only speculate that it was to further consolidate the end of the relationship between Miss Elvsted and Lovborg, of which she was so envious. By the end of the play, Hedda has relinquished all of her power. Lovborgs death backfired and Hedda ended up losing the dominance over Jorgen, as he and Mrs Elvsted devote their lives to resurrecting Lovborgs manuscript and Mrs Elvsted hopes to inspire Tesman as she did Lovborg. Brack then establishes power over her through her fear of scandal, blackmailing her in a sense to agree to his terms of living. He could destroy her at any moment by releasing the information that the gun which killed Lovborg belonged to Hedda. She finds this thought unbearable; Im still in your power. At your disposal. A slave. I wont have it. I wont (D. C p.105) So Hedda, unable to live under the control of others, plays a final tune on the piano before taking one of her fathers pistols and shooting herself. Although both Ibsens Hedda Gabler and Strindbergs Miss Julie ended with the suicide of the leading character, the circumstances by which the suicides occurred were most different, and particularly in the case of Miss Julie, the writers personal thoughts were prominent in the outcome. Julie ended her life after a deep underlying yearning to be dominated by Jean and in the end displays her inferiority by begging Jean to give her permission to end her life. This is unlike the circumstances in Hedda Gabler, where Hedda maintains her dignity and status to the very end. Unlike Julie, she cannot bear the thought of being under the control of others. This is why I speculate that Hedda Gabler could very well have been written by Ibsen in direct reply and contradiction to Strindbergs Miss Julie. I am sure that Henrik Ibsen would have found a lot to disagree upon when it came to the ideas and philosophies contained within Strindbergs Miss Julie, not to mention the plays preface.